The recent outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza (bird flu) in dairy cows in the United States has sparked significant concern about the potential spread of this virus to humans.
The Current Situation
In March 2024, two human cases of H5N1 infection have been confirmed, both linked to exposure to infected dairy cows. These instances mark the first documented cases of mammal-to-human transmission of this specific strain. Since 2022, the USDA has reported over 200 detections of HPAI A(H5N1) in mammals.
Background on H5N1 and Mammals
While it is uncommon, mammals can contract H5N1 through contact with infected birds, poultry, or contaminated environments. Direct transmission between mammals is considered rare but possible. Sporadic infections in mammals have been documented globally, including in Asia, North America, South America, and Europe. Recent cases have involved sea lions, foxes, and sea elephants.
Risk Assessment for Humans
The widespread presence of H5N1 in birds, poultry, and some mammals increases the potential for human exposure. However, the CDC currently considers the general public risk to be low. Individuals with occupational or recreational exposure to infected birds or animals, including dairy cows, are at higher risk.
Diagnostic Tools from Maxanim (Gentaur Group) 
Early detection is crucial for containing the spread of H5N1. Maxanim offers a range of diagnostic tests, including:
- Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 RT-PCR: This rapid and accurate test detects the presence of H5N1 viral RNA in birds and potentially in mammals. (For more details, visit our website.)
- AffiVET® Bird Flu/Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Antibody ELISA Test Kit: This test detects antibodies against H5N1, indicating past or current infection in birds and some mammals. (For more details, visit our website.)
Visit our website for more information on these and other diagnostic tools available from Maxanim.
Important Resources
For more detailed information, you can refer to the following resources:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
- Maxanim (Gentaur Group)
Learn more about Bird Flu in this video:
Disclaimer
This blog is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
